Which statement correctly defines the term "ground vehicles" in airport traffic management?

The term "ground vehicles" in airport traffic management encompasses a wide array of vehicles and equipment used for transport on airport grounds. This definition includes not only passenger and cargo transport vehicles, but also maintenance vehicles, service trucks, and cargo loaders, among others. By specifying all vehicles and equipment for transport, the definition promotes clarity in understanding the various roles that these vehicles play in maintaining airport operations and ensuring the smooth flow of both passengers and cargo.

In contrast, defining ground vehicles as only those that transport luggage limits the understanding of the essential functions performed by other types of vehicles at the airport. Similarly, restricting the definition to vehicles only on the runway ignores the many vehicles that contribute to airport operations in areas such as taxiways, parking lots, and terminal access roads. Limiting ground vehicles solely to emergency service vehicles would exclude a vast majority of vehicles that facilitate everyday airport functions, thus misunderstanding the broader context of airport traffic management.